Savitribai Phule

• January 3, 1831, in Maharashtra’s Naigaon village
• Along with Jyotirao, Savitribai started the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha (‘Home for the Prevention of Infanticide’) for pregnant widows facing discrimination.
• In 1873, the Phules set up the Satyashodhak Samaj (‘Truth-seekers’ society’)
• Savitribai became involved in relief work during the 1896 famine in Maharashtra and 1897 Bubonic plague.
• breathed her last on March 10, 1897.

Source: The Indian Express

Women's Suffrage Movement

• Women's struggle for the right to vote during the 1st World war
• USA gave first

World Bank

The Bretton Woods Conference, officially known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was a gathering of delegates from 44 nations that met from July 1 to 22, 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire (USA), to agree upon a series of new rules for international financial and monetary order after the conclusion of World War II.

The World Bank Group consists of five development institutions. 

1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) provides loans, credits, and grants. 
2. International Development Association (IDA) provides low- or no-interest loans to low-income countries. 
3. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) provides investment, advice, and asset management to companies and governments.
4.  The Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA) insures lenders and investors against political risks such as war. 
5. The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) settles investment disputes between investors and countries. 

• India was one of the forty-four original signatories to the agreements reached at Bretton Woods that established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). 
• It was also one of the founding members of the IFC in 1956 and the IDA in 1960. 
• India later became a member of the MIGA in January 1994. 
• India is not a member of ICSID.

Reports

• Ease of Doing Business 
• Human Capital Index.
• World Development Report.

**

The World Bank launched a “Toolkit on Enabling Gender Responsive Urban Mobility and Public Spaces in India” with the aim of suggesting ways to make public transport in Indian cities more inclusive of women’s traveling requirements.

Number of women scientists goes up

 

Source: The Indian Express

Bilkis Bano gang rape case

**For the Exam

• Remission

Gender gap in the STEM field

 Facts

• Women account for over 43 % of all Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates in India, one of the highest in the world, according to the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report 2019-20.
•  just 14 % of them pursue scientific research in universities and institutions.

Problem

• Low: Women's Entry
• stereotype
• Career (male dominance)

Suggestion

• Role Model (e.g.Sunita Williams, Kalpana Chavala, Neena Gupta-Indian mathematician and Ramanujan Prize 2021 winner)
• Social Media
• Mentorship program
• Gender Neutral role
• Facilities

Source: The Indian Express

**Gender Gap Index

Mission Shakti

• 15th Finance Commission period 2021-22 to 2025-26
• an integrated women empowerment program is launched as an umbrella scheme for the safety, security, and empowerment of women for the implementation program.

Sambal

• It is for the Safety and Security of Women. 
• It comprises schemes of One Stop Centre (OSC), Women Helpline (WHL), Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), with a new component of Nari Adalats.

Samarthya

• It is for the Empowerment of Women.
• Ujjwala, Swadhar Greh, and Working Women Hostel.
•  Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)  
• Gap Funding for Economic Empowerment

Nari Adalat

• the for providing women with an alternate grievance redress mechanism to resolve cases of petty nature (harassment, subversion, curtailment of rights or entitlements) at the gram panchayat level, which will be implemented in a phased manner.

Source: The Indian Express

**Essay writing

**Society (Mains)

**Scheme Related to Women

**1098 -Child Line

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

• Centre’s flagship program
• Women and Child Development (WCD) Ministry

Targets

• improvement in the Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) by 2 points every year
• improvement in the percentage of institutional deliveries at 95% or above,
• 1% increase in 1st Trimester ANC Registration per year
• 1 % increase in enrolment at secondary education level and skilling of girls and women per year
• check dropout rate among girls at secondary and higher secondary levels
• raising awareness about safe menstrual hygiene management.

Source: The Indian Express

**Khelo India

**Nari Adalat

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 2021

•  US Supreme court declared abortion is not a fundamental right.

Context of India

• Abortion is legal but with conditions.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 2021

• permissible up to 24 weeks 
• Opinion of a medical practitioner
• For pregnancies between 20-24 weeks old, the opinion of two doctors is required.
• beyond 24 weeks, only on the ground of fetal abnormalities can be taken by a Medical Board.