Swami Vivekananda

• 12th January, 1863 -  161st birth anniversary
• National Youth Day
• 1893: Maharaja Ajit Singh of the Khetri State: Vivekananda
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose had called him "the maket of modern India"
• Neo-Vedanta
• World Parliament of Religion in Chicago in 1893
• Swami Vivekananda talked about the four pathways of attaining moksha from worldly pleasure and attachment in his books. Which is Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Raja Yoga and Jnana Yoga.

Organisations

• Ramakrishna Mission (1897)
• Belur Math, West Bengal (1899):  He died here in 1902 

“Arise! Awake! And stop not until the goal is reached.”

 “Where can we go to find God if we cannot see Him in our own hearts and in every living being.”

“Ask nothing; want nothing in return. Give what you have to give; it will come back to you, but do not think of that now.”

“All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark.”

Savitribai Phule

• January 3, 1831, in Maharashtra’s Naigaon village
• Along with Jyotirao, Savitribai started the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha (‘Home for the Prevention of Infanticide’) for pregnant widows facing discrimination.
• In 1873, the Phules set up the Satyashodhak Samaj (‘Truth-seekers’ society’)
• Savitribai became involved in relief work during the 1896 famine in Maharashtra and 1897 Bubonic plague.
• breathed her last on March 10, 1897.

Source: The Indian Express

Ramabai (1858–1922):

 She championed the cause of women’s education. She never went to school but learnt to read and write from her parents. She was given the title ‘Pandita’ because she could read and write Sanskrit, a remarkable achievement as women then were not allowed such knowledge. 

She went on to set up a Mission in Khedgaon near Pune in 1898, where widows and poor women were encouraged not only to become literate but to be independent. They were taught a variety of skills from carpentry to running a printing press, skills that are not usually taught to girls even today.

The printing press can be seen in the picture on the top left corner. Ramabai’s Mission is still active today.

Mahatma Gandhi

• 2nd October, 1869 Porbandar (Gujarat)
• Gandhi Peace Prize
• International day of Non-Violence 
• 30 January, 1930: Martyrs' Day

South Africa

• 1893-1915
• Satyagrah
• 1899-1902: The Boer War: Awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal for serving the British Empire
• Phoenix (Durban)
• Tolstoy Farm (Johanessburg)
• 1911: Gopal Krishan Gokhale (Political Guru)  Visited South Africa
• Viceroy Hardinge

9th January, 1915: Return to India: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Satyagraha Movements

• 1916: Champaran (Bihar): 1st CDM, Rajkumar Shukla, Problems of Indigo Planters, Tinkatiya System (3/20), Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Sinha
• 1917: Kheda (Gujarat): 1st NCM, Sardar Patel, Indulal Yagnik
• 1918: Ahemdabad (Gujarat): Mill Workers: 1st hunger Strike, Anusuiya Sarabai
• 1919: Nationwide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act (1919)
• 13 April,1919: Jallianwalla Bagh: Called off the Movement
• 1920: Non-Cooperation Movement: Calcutta Session: Support Khilafat
• Dec 1920: Nagpur Session: Non-Cooperation Movement Addopted
• 1922: Withdrwa the NCM after the Chauri Chaura Incident
• 1930: Salt March: Civil Disobedience Movement: Sabarmati to Dandi
• 1931: Gandhi Irwin Pact: Called off CDM: 2nd Round Table Conferenece
• 1934: Relaunched CDM
• 1942: The Quit India Movement

Social Work

• Poona Pact (1932): Dr B.R. Ambedkar
• The Hindustani Prachar Sabha (1942) at Wardha (Maharastra)

Books

• Hind Swaraj
• My Experiments with Truth

News Paper

• Harijan (Gujarati)
• Indian Opinion (South Africa)
• Young India (English)

"I cannot possibly bear the idea that a man who has got wealth should get the vote but a man who has got character but no wealth or literacy should have no vote, or that a man who honestly works by the sweat of his brow day in and day out should not have the vote for the crime of being a poor man…".

Good Governance Day

• 25 December
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee
• announced in 2014 (Narendra Modi)

e-Governance

• "Good Governance through e-Governance"

Good Governance Report

• Ministry of Communication and Information Technology

Good Governance Index

• 2019
• The Department of Administration Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)

Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

• Born on 31st October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat
• Death 15th December 1950 in Bombay

Headed various Committees of the Constituent Assembly of India

• Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights. 
• Committee on Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas. 
• Provincial Constitution Committee.

 

National freedom movement

• Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
• Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Title  "Sardar"

Statue of Unity

• 31st October, 2018: 143rt birth anniversary
• tallest: 182 m
• Eight Wonders: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Aurobindo Ghosh

• Aurobindo was a yogi, seer, philosopher and was associated with Indian national movement.
• He held various administrative post in Baroda and Calcutta.
• He took part in the freedom struggle between 1902 and 1910 and during this time he was charged under the ALIPORE BOMB CASE.
• He is credited with publishing Arya magazine between 1914 to 1921 i.e. a periodic magazine which included philosophical messages.
• He is also credited with publishing poem SAVITRI of around 24000 lines.
• English newspaper called Bande Mataram is also associated with him.
• He also developed a kind of Yoga i.e., is known as INTERNAL YOGA.
• He founded a community of spiritual seekers which took place as Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
• He played an instrumental role in setting up Anushilan Samiti and even attended congress sessions.

Dr. BR Ambedkar

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

Born: April 14, 1891

Died: December 6, 1956 (Dehli)

• Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly
• Article 32: Soul of the Constitution and the very heart of it

Events

1923: Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha

1930: Temple Entry Movement (Kalaram Temple, Nasik)

1930-32: Attended all the Round Table Conferences

1932: Poona Pact

1936: Independent Labour Party

1947: Law Minister

1951: Resigned

1956: Became a Buddhist (Nagpur)

1990: Bharat Ratna

1990-91: Year of Social Justice

Important Works 

• Mook Nayak (weekly-1920)
• Janta (Weekly-1930)
• The Annihilation of Caste 1936
• The Untouchables 1948
• Buddha or Karl Marx 1956

Book

• The Budhha and His Dhamma

“Man is mortal.  Everyone has to die some day or the other. But one must resolve to lay down one's life in enriching the noble ideals of self-respect and in bettering one's human life...  Nothing is more disgraceful for a brave man than to live life devoid of self-respect.” 

Swami Vivekananda

• Founder of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission
• January 12: National Youth Day

Books

• Raja Yoga
• Jnana Yoga
• Karma Yoga

Subhas Chandra Bose

• Born: 23rd January
• Book: The Indian Struggle
• Spiritual Guru: Swami Vivekananda
• Political Guru: C.R. Das
• 1919: Selected to be in Indian Civil Services, Resigned

Indian National Congress (INC)

• 1938: Haripura: President
• 1939: Tripuri: President, Resigned

Formed All India Forward Bloc within INC

Curzon

• Appointed Viceroy of India In 1899
• Partition Bengal 1905
• "We could lose all our dominions and still survive, but if we lost India, Our sun would sink its settings."

Reforms

• Universities Act of 1904: brought all the universities in India under the control of the government.
• The Agriculture Research Institute In Pusa(Bihar)
• Police Commission 1902: Chairman: Andew Frazer
• Northwest Frontier Province(NWFP)
• Imperial cadet Corps
• Ancient Monuments Act, 1904

PYQs

• 2014

Khongjom Day: 23 March

• Paid Homage to the martyrs of 1891 War
• Anglo - Manipur War
• The Kingdom of Manipur and the British Empire

Paona Brajabasi

• A military officer

Alluri Sitharama Raju

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a 30-foot-tall bronze statue of Alluri Sitharama Raju at Bhimavaram in Andhra Pradesh as the year-long celebrations of the freedom fighter’s 125th birth anniversary.
• inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement
• talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi

Source: The Indian Express

E V Ramasamy Periyar

E V Ramasamy Periyar

• The Self Respect Movement
• a political party, Dravidar Kazhagam (DK)
• He advocated major social reforms, including equality for women in society, and supporting birth control for women for their health and well-being.

South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party)-1917

• Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty, Dr T M Nair, and Dr C Natesa Mudaliar
• anti-Brahminism
• Government of India Act, 1919: Won the first legislative council elections

1938

• The Justice Party and Self-Respect Movement came together
• Dravidar Kazhagam

1949

• Annadurai split from Periyar

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)

• C N Annadurai 

 Linguistic Provinces Commission (S K Dhar Commission) -1948

 

1952

• The freedom fighter Potti Sriramulu died at the end of a 56-day hunger strike undertaken to demand a separate Telugu state.

1953: States Reorganisation Commission (SRC)

• Justice Fazl Ali, historian K M Panikkar, and parliamentarian H N Kunzru.

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956

• created the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Mysore, and Kerala 

Source: The Indian Express

Sant Tukaram Shila Mandir: Dehu in Pune

• his work are central to the Warkari sect spread across Maharashtra.
• His message about a casteless society and his denial of rituals had led to a social movement.

For reference:

Source:

 https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-sant-tukaram-temple-and-its-significance-7963601/

Note:

 Read About BHAKTI MOVEMENT in India