The Preamble

• Foundation: Jawaharlal Nehru’s Objectives Resolution-adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY  twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Keywords

1.Sovereign

2. Socialist

• In Directive Principles of State Policy (Arts. 39(b) and 39(c))
• 42nd Amendment Act in 1976

3. Secular

• 42nd Amendment Act in 1976
• Articles 14, 15 and 27 establish the secular nature of the state.
• Arts. 25–28 guarantee to all individuals, the freedom to profess, practice and propagate their religion, and assure strict impartiality on the part of the state and its institutions towards all religions

4. Democratic

5. Republic

6. Liberty

• an absence of restraints on the activities of individuals 
• The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity are taken from the French Revolution

7. Equality

• absence of special privileges to any section of the society
• Civic, (Article 14, 15, 17 and 18)
• Political, (Article 325 and 326)
• Economic (Article 39 and 16) 

8. Fraternity

• Article 51A (Fundamental Duties)
• 42nd Amendment Act in 1976

9. Justice

• Social, economic and political

Cases

1.Berubari Union Case, 1960

•  not a part of the Constitution.

2. Kesavananda Bharaticase, 1973

• Preamble is a part of the Constitution
• Doctrine of Basic Structure

3. S R Bommai Case, 1994

• Preamble is a part of the Constitution

Millet

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a resolution to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets. 

Good Governance Day

• 25 December
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee
• announced in 2014 (Narendra Modi)

e-Governance

• "Good Governance through e-Governance"

Good Governance Report

• Ministry of Communication and Information Technology

Good Governance Index

• 2019
• The Department of Administration Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)

GPSC | UPDATE ||

 

Buddhism

• Siddhartha, as the Buddha was named at birth.
• Sakya clan
• He was deeply anguished when he saw an old man, a sick man, and a corpse
• After this he came to be known as the Buddha or the Enlightened One

·    According to Buddhist philosophy, the world is transient (anicca) and constantly changing; it is also soulless (anatta) as there is nothing permanent or eternal in it. Within this transient world, sorrow (dukkha) is intrinsic to human existence

Buddha’s life –

• where he was born (Lumbini),
• where he attained enlightenment (Bodh Gaya),
• where he gave his first sermon (Sarnath) and
• where he attained Nibbana (Kusinagara)

The structure of the stupa

The stupa (a Sanskrit word meaning a heap) originated as a simple semi-circular mound of earth, later called Anda.

Books:

• The Vinaya Pitaka included rules and regulations for those who joined the sangha or monastic order;
•  the Buddha’s teachings were included in the Sutta Pitaka;
• the Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters.

 Four Holy Relics of Lord Buddha are being taken to Mongolia

• Together, they are known as the ‘Kapilvastu Relics’ since they are from a site in Bihar believed to be the ancient city of Kapilvastu.

His relics from the funeral pyre were collected and divided into eight shares to be distributed among the

• Ajathsatrus of Magadha, 
• Licchavis of Vaishali, 
• Sakyas of Kapilavastu, 
• Mallas of Kushinagar, 
• Bullies of Allakappa,
• Mallas of Pava,
• Koliyas of Ramagrama  
• Brahmana of Vethadipa.

Source

1. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/buddha-relics-mongolia-state-guest-importance-7966266/
2. NCERT

Gujarat Administrative Service, Class-1, Gujarat Civil Services, Class-1 & Class-2 & Gujarat Municipal Chief Officer Service, Class-2 | 30/2021-22 | 26-12-2021| PAPER 1

Gujarat Administrative Service, Class-1, Gujarat Civil Services, Class-1 & Class-2 & Gujarat Municipal Chief Officer Service, Class-2  | 30/2021-22 | 26-12-2021| PAPER 1

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