British In India

• 1600: Royal Charter: Elizabeth I
• 1608: Hawkin : Jahangir
• 1613: Jahangir : 1st Trading post at Surat
• Broach, Ahemdabad, Agra
• 1715: John Surman: Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar : Farmans: valuable privilaeges in Bengal, Gujarat and Hyderabad.
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1st Carnetic War (1740-48)

• duplex and Lawrence
• No result

2nd Carnetic War (1749-54)

• Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)

Battle of Plassey (1757)

• Robert Clive led the Company's army against the Siraj-udda-ulah at Plassey
• Company Won the Battle
• Reason for defeat: Mir Jafar was on EIC Side
• EIC 1st victory in the Indian Subcontinent

Battle of Wandhiwash (1760)

• British and French
• 3rd Carnatic war
• Eyre Coote and de Lally
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Part of Seven Years War

Battle of Buxar (1764)

Land Settlement Reforms

• Why?? 
• They needed a permanent source of income and reforms in the agriculture sector to improve its revenue

Permanent Settlement (1793)

• Cornwallis
• Sunset Law
• Rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars
• Amount was fixed permanently
• Anyone who failed to pay the revenue losses his zamindari under the act

Mahalwari System (1822)

• Holt Mackenzie
• NWP of Bengal
• Mahal means Village
• Village headman was given the responsibility
• Amount was not fixed

Ryotwari System

• Thomas Munro
• Southern India
• Direct collection of Land Revenue

Jyotedar

• Rich class peasants consolidated their position in the villages.
• They controlled local trade as well as moneylending, exercising immense power over poorer cultivator of the region
• Called as Havaldars, Gantidars or Mandals

Annexation Policies

Doctrine of Lapse

• Dalhousie
• Satara (1848), Udaipur (1852) Jhansi and Nagpur (1854)
• Eight States

Subsidiary Alliance

• Wellesley

Policy of Ring Fence

• Warren Hastings
• Buffer zone 
• The British were safeguarding their territories at the expense of their neighbouring ally states

Swami Vivekananda

• 12th January, 1863 -  161st birth anniversary
• National Youth Day
• 1893: Maharaja Ajit Singh of the Khetri State: Vivekananda
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose had called him "the maket of modern India"
• Neo-Vedanta
• World Parliament of Religion in Chicago in 1893
• Swami Vivekananda talked about the four pathways of attaining moksha from worldly pleasure and attachment in his books. Which is Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Raja Yoga and Jnana Yoga.

Organisations

• Ramakrishna Mission (1897)
• Belur Math, West Bengal (1899):  He died here in 1902 

“Arise! Awake! And stop not until the goal is reached.”

 “Where can we go to find God if we cannot see Him in our own hearts and in every living being.”

“Ask nothing; want nothing in return. Give what you have to give; it will come back to you, but do not think of that now.”

“All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark.”

Savitribai Phule

• January 3, 1831, in Maharashtra’s Naigaon village
• Along with Jyotirao, Savitribai started the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha (‘Home for the Prevention of Infanticide’) for pregnant widows facing discrimination.
• In 1873, the Phules set up the Satyashodhak Samaj (‘Truth-seekers’ society’)
• Savitribai became involved in relief work during the 1896 famine in Maharashtra and 1897 Bubonic plague.
• breathed her last on March 10, 1897.

Source: The Indian Express

Mahatma Gandhi

• 2nd October, 1869 Porbandar (Gujarat)
• Gandhi Peace Prize
• International day of Non-Violence 
• 30 January, 1930: Martyrs' Day

South Africa

• 1893-1915
• Satyagrah
• 1899-1902: The Boer War: Awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal for serving the British Empire
• Phoenix (Durban)
• Tolstoy Farm (Johanessburg)
• 1911: Gopal Krishan Gokhale (Political Guru)  Visited South Africa
• Viceroy Hardinge

9th January, 1915: Return to India: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Satyagraha Movements

• 1916: Champaran (Bihar): 1st CDM, Rajkumar Shukla, Problems of Indigo Planters, Tinkatiya System (3/20), Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Sinha
• 1917: Kheda (Gujarat): 1st NCM, Sardar Patel, Indulal Yagnik
• 1918: Ahemdabad (Gujarat): Mill Workers: 1st hunger Strike, Anusuiya Sarabai
• 1919: Nationwide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act (1919)
• 13 April,1919: Jallianwalla Bagh: Called off the Movement
• 1920: Non-Cooperation Movement: Calcutta Session: Support Khilafat
• Dec 1920: Nagpur Session: Non-Cooperation Movement Addopted
• 1922: Withdrwa the NCM after the Chauri Chaura Incident
• 1930: Salt March: Civil Disobedience Movement: Sabarmati to Dandi
• 1931: Gandhi Irwin Pact: Called off CDM: 2nd Round Table Conferenece
• 1934: Relaunched CDM
• 1942: The Quit India Movement

Social Work

• Poona Pact (1932): Dr B.R. Ambedkar
• The Hindustani Prachar Sabha (1942) at Wardha (Maharastra)

Books

• Hind Swaraj
• My Experiments with Truth

News Paper

• Harijan (Gujarati)
• Indian Opinion (South Africa)
• Young India (English)

"I cannot possibly bear the idea that a man who has got wealth should get the vote but a man who has got character but no wealth or literacy should have no vote, or that a man who honestly works by the sweat of his brow day in and day out should not have the vote for the crime of being a poor man…".

Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

• Born on 31st October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat
• Death 15th December 1950 in Bombay

Headed various Committees of the Constituent Assembly of India

• Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights. 
• Committee on Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas. 
• Provincial Constitution Committee.

 

National freedom movement

• Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
• Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Title  "Sardar"

Statue of Unity

• 31st October, 2018: 143rt birth anniversary
• tallest: 182 m
• Eight Wonders: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Aurobindo Ghosh

• Aurobindo was a yogi, seer, philosopher and was associated with Indian national movement.
• He held various administrative post in Baroda and Calcutta.
• He took part in the freedom struggle between 1902 and 1910 and during this time he was charged under the ALIPORE BOMB CASE.
• He is credited with publishing Arya magazine between 1914 to 1921 i.e. a periodic magazine which included philosophical messages.
• He is also credited with publishing poem SAVITRI of around 24000 lines.
• English newspaper called Bande Mataram is also associated with him.
• He also developed a kind of Yoga i.e., is known as INTERNAL YOGA.
• He founded a community of spiritual seekers which took place as Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
• He played an instrumental role in setting up Anushilan Samiti and even attended congress sessions.

Kashi Tamil Sangamam

•  IIT Madras and Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is the venue for the one-month-long Kashi Tamil Sangamam
• Ministry of Education
• Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
• Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat

Pandya King

• King Parakrama
• 15th Century
• Madurai
• Kasi Vishwanath Temple in Tamil Nadu

Swami Vivekananda

• Founder of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission
• January 12: National Youth Day

Books

• Raja Yoga
• Jnana Yoga
• Karma Yoga

Subhas Chandra Bose

• Born: 23rd January
• Book: The Indian Struggle
• Spiritual Guru: Swami Vivekananda
• Political Guru: C.R. Das
• 1919: Selected to be in Indian Civil Services, Resigned

Indian National Congress (INC)

• 1938: Haripura: President
• 1939: Tripuri: President, Resigned

Formed All India Forward Bloc within INC

Curzon

• Appointed Viceroy of India In 1899
• Partition Bengal 1905
• "We could lose all our dominions and still survive, but if we lost India, Our sun would sink its settings."

Reforms

• Universities Act of 1904: brought all the universities in India under the control of the government.
• The Agriculture Research Institute In Pusa(Bihar)
• Police Commission 1902: Chairman: Andew Frazer
• Northwest Frontier Province(NWFP)
• Imperial cadet Corps
• Ancient Monuments Act, 1904

PYQs

• 2014

Facts Related to the 15 August and 26 January

Purna Swaraj

• Lahore Session
• 1929

January 26, 1930

• Choose the 1st Independence Day

December 29, 1929

• Hoisted the national flag 
• River Ravi
• Lahore

E V Ramasamy Periyar

E V Ramasamy Periyar

• The Self Respect Movement
• a political party, Dravidar Kazhagam (DK)
• He advocated major social reforms, including equality for women in society, and supporting birth control for women for their health and well-being.

South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party)-1917

• Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty, Dr T M Nair, and Dr C Natesa Mudaliar
• anti-Brahminism
• Government of India Act, 1919: Won the first legislative council elections

1938

• The Justice Party and Self-Respect Movement came together
• Dravidar Kazhagam

1949

• Annadurai split from Periyar

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)

• C N Annadurai 

 Linguistic Provinces Commission (S K Dhar Commission) -1948

 

1952

• The freedom fighter Potti Sriramulu died at the end of a 56-day hunger strike undertaken to demand a separate Telugu state.

1953: States Reorganisation Commission (SRC)

• Justice Fazl Ali, historian K M Panikkar, and parliamentarian H N Kunzru.

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956

• created the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Mysore, and Kerala 

Source: The Indian Express