Navigation with Indian Constellation (NaVIC)

• Navigation with Indian Constellation, is an independent stand-alone navigation satellite system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation
• NavIC was originally approved in 2006 at a cost of $174 million. It was expected to be completed by late 2011, but only became operational in 2018.
• NavIC consists of eight satellites and covers the whole of India’s landmass and up to 1,500 km (930 miles) from its boundaries.
• NavIC’s use is limited. It is being used in public vehicle tracking in India, for providing emergency warning alerts to fishermen venturing into the deep sea.

Navigation Systems

• Galileo from the European Union,
• Russia-owned GLONASS and 
• China’s Beidou. 
• QZSS, operated by Japan

POEM

• PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)
• PS4 - Stabilized platform