British In India

• 1600: Royal Charter: Elizabeth I
• 1608: Hawkin : Jahangir
• 1613: Jahangir : 1st Trading post at Surat
• Broach, Ahemdabad, Agra
• 1715: John Surman: Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar : Farmans: valuable privilaeges in Bengal, Gujarat and Hyderabad.
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1st Carnetic War (1740-48)

• duplex and Lawrence
• No result

2nd Carnetic War (1749-54)

• Treaty of Pondicherry (1754)

Battle of Plassey (1757)

• Robert Clive led the Company's army against the Siraj-udda-ulah at Plassey
• Company Won the Battle
• Reason for defeat: Mir Jafar was on EIC Side
• EIC 1st victory in the Indian Subcontinent

Battle of Wandhiwash (1760)

• British and French
• 3rd Carnatic war
• Eyre Coote and de Lally
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Part of Seven Years War

Battle of Buxar (1764)

Land Settlement Reforms

• Why?? 
• They needed a permanent source of income and reforms in the agriculture sector to improve its revenue

Permanent Settlement (1793)

• Cornwallis
• Sunset Law
• Rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars
• Amount was fixed permanently
• Anyone who failed to pay the revenue losses his zamindari under the act

Mahalwari System (1822)

• Holt Mackenzie
• NWP of Bengal
• Mahal means Village
• Village headman was given the responsibility
• Amount was not fixed

Ryotwari System

• Thomas Munro
• Southern India
• Direct collection of Land Revenue

Jyotedar

• Rich class peasants consolidated their position in the villages.
• They controlled local trade as well as moneylending, exercising immense power over poorer cultivator of the region
• Called as Havaldars, Gantidars or Mandals

Annexation Policies

Doctrine of Lapse

• Dalhousie
• Satara (1848), Udaipur (1852) Jhansi and Nagpur (1854)
• Eight States

Subsidiary Alliance

• Wellesley

Policy of Ring Fence

• Warren Hastings
• Buffer zone 
• The British were safeguarding their territories at the expense of their neighbouring ally states